NCLEX Practice Test

What is a risk associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)?

1. Arrhythmias

2. Infection at the catheter site

3. Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

4. Thrombophlebitis

The correct answer is: Retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a procedure used to treat narrowing of the coronary arteries. While all the mentioned risks can potentially occur with PCI, retroperitoneal hemorrhage is a significant and serious complication that can arise, especially when access to the coronary arteries is obtained through the femoral artery. During the PCI procedure, the catheter is introduced through the femoral artery and carefully navigated to the coronary arteries. If there is excessive bleeding or trauma to the surrounding structures in the area where the arterial puncture occurs, it can lead to a retroperitoneal hemorrhage. This is a serious condition where blood accumulates in the retroperitoneal space, which could lead to severe complications including hemodynamic instability. The ability to recognize and manage this potential risk is crucial for patient safety following the procedure. In contrast, while arrhythmias, infection at the catheter site, and thrombophlebitis are indeed risks associated with PCI, they may not carry the same level of severity or systemic impact as retroperitoneal hemorrhage, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical intervention. Keeping this in mind underscores the importance of monitoring for that specific complication in order to provide timely care.